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Passive smoking and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: prospective study with cotinine measurement

Warning signs that should never be ignored include: Persistent hoarseness Difficulty swallowing Unexplained throat pain Mouth sores that do not heal Lump in the neck Persistent ear pain Chronic Obstructive Airway Changes Long-term smoking can also cause structural changes throughout the airways

While it is reasonable to assume that, if existing smokers switched completely from conventional cigarettes (with no other changes in use patterns) to e-cigarettes, there would be a lower disease burden caused by nicotine addiction, the evidence available at this time, although limited, points to high levels of dual use of e-cigarettes with conventional cigarettes, no proven cessation benefits, and rapidly increasing youth initiation with e-cigarettes, the authors said

Data from: Golder S, Hartwell G, Barnett LM, et al