Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as apixaban, rivaroxaban, dabigatran, and edoxaban are substrates of P-glycoprotein (and some also of CYP3A4), so berberine could potentially increase their blood levels
As indicated by the NAO/TMRE FRET assay, a 12-hour incubation with 20 mM glutamate caused mitochondria membrane potential depolarization which was mitigated by TB, MB, phenothiazine, and 2-chlorophenothiazine with the EC50s of 1.54, 17.72, 21.18, and 45.09 nM respectively
Iron toxicity is often largely caused by dietary imbalances
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