Ameliorating effects and mechanisms of transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation on abdominal pain and constipation
Overall, further clinical trials in humans are necessary to demonstrate that dietary interventions can simultaneously influence the microbiome, intestinal permeability, inflammation, and neurocognitive symptoms, making them a compelling complementary strategy in the treatment of ME/CFS [10, 11, 13]
There is a general decrease in taxonomic diversity in both CD and UC intestinal flora compared with healthy gut microbiomes (61), mainly characterized by phylum-level declines in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes , and an upturn in Proteobacteria (62, 63)
Subtle changes may occur within the first week, including reduced inflammation and minor pain improvements