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For example, previous work has shown that people who smoke hold compensatory health beliefs, i.e., beliefs that one can compensate for the negative effects of smoking by engaging in healthy behaviors ( 35,36 ), which can in part explain continued tobacco consumption despite known adverse health effects

10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00250.x 27 MartinezD.CarpenterK

Cano S, Chrea C, Salzberger T, Alfieri T, Emilien G, Mainy N, et al

Their latest review published in 2025 found high certainty evidence that people who used vapes were more likely to stop smoking than those using other nicotine replacement therapies, like patches or gums