Curcumin can reduce ROS production, inhibit the activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-B), and modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Hammed et al., 2025)
Notably, in Arabidopsis thaliana the mutation of arGST tt19 completely eliminates production of epicatechin 34 an unexpected outcome in the frame of the ligandin model as the cytosolic availability of cyanidin ( 8-AH + ), the precursor molecule of epicatechin ( 19 ), should be unaffected by mutating a transport protein
Most of the GSH (8085%) is stored in the cytosol, 1015% in the mitochondria (with an equal concentration between matrix and cytosol, thus requiring specific transport systems) and a small part in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (1, 6, 7)
Bardien, Antioxidant effects of curcumin in models of neurodegeneration, aging, oxidative and nitrosative stress: A review, Neuroscience , vol